The East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) support a rich faunal diversity with 1,287 recorded species spanning a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Invertebrates dominate the fauna, with moths (205 species), orthopterans (92 species), birds (87 species), fishes (79 species), and beetles (77 species) being particularly diverse groups. The wetlands also harbor significant populations of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, reflecting the ecological complexity of the ecosystem. As a Ramsar-recognized wetland, EKW provides critical habitat for numerous species and plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the region.

The East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) support a diverse floral community with 637 recorded species, reflecting the ecological richness of this wetland ecosystem. The flora is dominated by vascular plants (381 species), followed by freshwater algae (130 species), which play a vital role in primary productivity and nutrient cycling. Other important floral groups include agro-flora (60 species), macro-fungi (50 species), and bryophytes (16 species). Together, these plant and fungal communities contribute significantly to habitat formation, ecosystem stability, and the overall biodiversity of the East Kolkata Wetlands.